sab acceptance rate

And since the number of such [nuclear] devices must increase, the problem becomes urgent. There could have been such cases but I never saw anything like it. The Chernobyl part of this section would be exclusively official, to provide precise information from the Government Commission at the time when this section is released; and the second part should be an emotional part, narrative with personal opinions. Kursk, Chernobyl, Smolensk NPPs, all use these RBMK reactors. This is what I was passionately working on, mainly figuring out the dangers in sources of energy alternative to nuclear energy. The system of a singular person being personally responsible for the quality of the devicewith all the facilities it was installed inwas absent. The fifth tape features an interview with author Ales Adamovich. Any expert from any level (from the laboratory supervisor to the director of the institute) could request information, interfere in the work of a station, write reports, propose something. I wanted to prove to him that most likely the cause of that accident was in no way related to the Chernobyl accident because of fundamental differences in the construction of reactors. The amount of dropped lead grew from day to day. If I say something wrong, I will not be published and my dissertation will fail. Risks could be taken in this work, and I did risk a lot. What should I do? And the second one answers, You do what is crossed out. Can you imagine? We feared that if a considerable amount of fuel gets there, then extensive vaporization would carry out additional radioactive aerosols and contaminate more territory. [1] Bencana Chernobyl [ sunting | sunting sumber] This, broadly, is the range of issues that I worked on professionally. However, his effort was mainly directed towards managing these situations: firstly, by organisational means; secondly, by a system for improving the documentation that must be at stations and with the designer; thirdly, he was quite concerned about creating supervisory bodies that would control the situation. So the conversation was in the form of Do you know? Yes or No. So all the nitrogen we suppliedand we did find a place for to supplying itleaked out of the zone and cooled nothing. That is because he has a good habit of carefully listening to the specialists, quickly gasping their point, and be immediately ready to make decisions. Moreover, particularly under Vedernikov, with the participation of the group leader from the Institute of Nuclear Energy, comrade Tutnov, a decision was taken that made the construction of the sarcophagus easier and quicker. While I mostly just provide simple corrections and rephrasings, I sometimes use DeepL to translate passages from the original transcript to figure out what was meant - and when I'm truly desperate I text a Russian friend for a translation of a passage. On the roofs of the engine room and on station territory graphite blocks were scattered, some intact and some in pieces. Sometime around the end of August, September or October, when the city was in a condition which allowed it to be preserved; it was safe to be in this didnt mean that the city could be inhabited normally, but that the city no longer posed any immediate danger was thanks to the armys efforts. And so the main purpose of our actions boiled down to not reaching 2,500 degrees. The quality of specialists, that had yet to master their professions, left much to be desired. In fact, this leadership was, to a large extent, nominal in nature. Already the first launch of this reactor in the first RBMK unit of Leningrad NPP has shown that such a large active zone, implemented in the way it has been, was very complex for the operator. And the main criminals Of course. I have not seen a single group in the Soviet Union that raised and considered these issues with any degree of competence. And then the Atommash factory was specially built to make cases for such reactors. The experts from this institute were led by comrade Zhernov. The operative group led by Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov was created and almost the entire Soviet industry was allocated to the disaster. Later, the maximum dose was reduced. Part of fuel can get into the barboteurs, be it lower or upper one and we did not know at that time whether there was water or not. But what should those actions be? The first days were especially difficult. Say, a duty officer starts their shift. And under some anomalous conditions In normal conditions, of course, the graphite comes into contact only with inert material which was ensured by appropriate technical solutions. For example, the many-years-long struggle of Viktor Alekseyevich Sidorenko, that was supported by academician Aleksandrov, resulted in a government resolution for the creation of Gosatomenergonadzor, representatives of which should be present at every station, and every enterprise that manufactures critical equipment for nuclear power stations. It is only for myself. Because his colleagues got bonuses from the Ministry; because the institute was part of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building. Because, of coursethis is interestingeveryone arrives, the dosimetrists measure them and everyones clothes are contaminated. I find them monstrous, and have always found them monstrous. Legasov: Of course, later they were all destroyed. So we had to send out a lot of people to assess the situation. After Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov was elected president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, he made me the first deputy director of the institute, entrusted me with several responsibilities regarding the management of the institute, but did not change my responsibilities in the scientific sphere. Do you understand? Want to tell you the untold and hidden truth of the Chernobyl disaster. Become a patron and make this project possible : https://www.patreon.com/prepperhub#Chernobyl #HBO #ValeryLegasov #TapesCredits:Source Footage: https://www.dubedits.nl Subscribe \u0026 Like \u0026 Comment for more Doomsday preppers video's : https://goo.gl/UWz1hx Prepperhub is a music channel dedicated to: Prepping Doomsday Bunkers Survival Homesteading Survivalism Info:Prepperhub is a unique youtube channel where anyone who is interested in prepping, survivival, homesteading etc, can get information and advive. From that moment the Government Commission became only an administrative mechanism for that huge government work that was done under the control of the Operative group of the CCCPSU. A considerable amount of radioactivity was localised and did not spread to a larger area, excepting the elements of Cesium and Strontium - the most easily melted elements. We started saving on containments. Daft and mozambican Lewis poulticing her meninx sunstones decide and fishes . There were a couple of thousand of such cars in the city. The third groupimplementers, not researchers; these were mostly the army divisions began decontaminating the rooms in the 1st and 2nd block, and also prepared for the construction of the sarcophagus, because the design was already in progress in Moscow. Of course, many things changed as time passed, our views and ways of working. Something to change into. "Legasov was the only competent person there. However, in whispers, all the operators, all the engineers and experts were saying that this reactor is very difficult to control. V.A.Kabanov, with the help of the heads of the Ministry of Chemical Industry managed to organize production in Dzerzhinsk that was sufficient for our needs. No information was received about radiation-related injuries and this fact, while not conclusive, did calm us down somewhat. They were ventilating the hydrogen bubble. And what if there isnt [above 25 rem] tomorrow? There was nothing. For instance, we are not clear why there was not complete conformity in the decline of radioactivity in reactor number 4. The wall was obviously built there because of some engineering considerations after the project was completed. And there were difficult situations. If the temperature is high, it melts and absorbs heat. For example, a group of citizens asked the Government Commission for permission to evacuate in their own cars. Then around the 9th of May, we resumed when a flaming spot was sighted while circling the reactor. All this has to be done. But the radioactivity was already growing exponentially at this time. And this emission was registered by almost all the countries of the world. [7] Under his leadership, a scientific school was created in the newest section of inorganic chemistry chemistry of noble gases. Do you understand? A procedure for ordering materials was established already; a procedure for work fulfilment. This base was quite contaminated. And the quality of produced Zirconium becomes better, as well as of the pipes made out of it, or else the operating states become better, and everyone calms down until the next thing happens. Thats why the most precise information about the state of the reactor was gathered from the ratio of short-lived and long-lived isotopes of iodine-134 and -131. These decisions were accepted and written down in session protocols. This resulted in a considerable reduction of radioactivity spreading from reactor number 4 to a wider area. Around the beginning of September, the evacuation efforts had been generally completed and the evacuees were placed in the newly-constructed villages. [5][11] Even after Chernobyl, he remained a proponent of nuclear power generation.[29]. More and more resources were spent on creating facilities that were not directly related to nuclear energy. Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Open navigation menu Close suggestionsSearchSearch enChange Language The shot was on station territory but it was in a room that was heavily contaminated, making it impossible to load it into the helicopters. Well there is an *abridged* transcript at which I've taken the liberty of Google-Translating (not easy due to character limits) to Valery Legasov tape recordings 7.6K views View upvotes 6 Alexander Rumiantsev B.A. The signal was encrypted according to defined procedure; during each and every deviation from normal operation, the station must inform the Ministry of Energy or whatever ministry it falls under about the situation by using a special code. It seemed to be the worst case scenario. That was one group of tasks. But my comrades and I agreed to work for a while at one of the nuclear plants to get some practical skills in the field that would later become the subject of our research. The local authorities acted according to these rules, either relocating people or letting them stay, switching to imported food, or declaring the area safe enough to live in and to use the land. Late at night on the 4th of May, when the GC was already being led by Ivan Stepanovich Silaeva very calm man, who was doing his work very seriouslyI was called in by his order. However, the more I learned about what was happening there, the more anxious I became. Having done that, they closed the entire thing and for three years, no one even went near the station. So the issue of protecting the rivers from these dirty objects getting into them presented a big problem. Legasov: Yes, yes. All people responsible for the various operations would be invited. These simulators would allow continuous training of personnel to properly react when a deviation from normal operation occurs. Finally, because the graphite was still burning, I advised gathering air samples from various points around the station to send to Kiev so that they could test for the presence and relative amounts of CO2 and CO- - data I could use to estimate the highest possible temperature inside reactor number 4. The journalists arrived, a variety of them, most of them very good journalists. Of course, all this reminded me of the the warwhich I remember from my childhood, and from accounts told by soldiersthat the logistics were certainly as, if not more, important than the work of those at the front lines, who worked on the decontamination itself, on measurements, diagnostics and various other things. Legasov: Oh well, I Thats how much we were confused by the scale of the accident. Thats magnesium carbonate. The Ministry of Power Engineering was the one who designed the equipment. I got into one of our closed cities where I participated in launching one of the radiochemical plants. Before he started, I heard that an unpleasant accident had occurred at the, Chernobyl nuclear power plant. These circumstances need to be explained. And since Gosplan strictly specified the funding for nuclear energy, this would mean 20-30 per cent fewer nuclear power plants would be built in a given time. It was either graphite or some metallic construction at a very high temperature. I was not with this group when they left. Moreover, these are specifically the long-living isotopes and the most dangerous: alpha-active. But he had to have the moral right to send others there, so he was the first to go himself. people of contradictory interests, mistakes and victories, successes and failures, and so many different interpretations here because of what happened and how it, happened, then, probably, to some extent my duty is to say that I know how I, I should go to my university to do something for the chair, and maybe I do not, care about anything and go with Margarita Mikhailovna, my wife and friend, to, rest where not be, or go to a party-economic asset, which is appointed at ten in. Later in documentaries or memoirs, I read that some personnel had fled their posts. was a good physicist, of course, but he also got into this story. But before he died, Valery Legasov left Chernobyl memoirs via audio recordings. A few words about the conditions in which the Government Commission had been functioning. When I looked at this device, I was confused by, for example, an unusual and, in my opinion, insufficient construction of safety systems, that would work in extreme situations. He went, had a look, and said that everything was in order and that the information was wrong. He felt that the leadership would be split between the council and the USSR Academy of Sciences, saying "This will lead to disaster. But at 11 am, it was already fully official. And at 8.40 pm, approximately, the first meeting of the Government Commission was held in Pripyat itself in the city committee of the party. Now, what else did I want to say about these measures? This kind of equipment was not available at the time. This is the main thing while the specific details are not so important. What kind of conversation did you have with him? It had a very small share in the institute, both from a monetary and human resources perspective. To date, it has generated more than half a billion roubles of income for the Government, which more than covers that cost of 25 million roubles for the projects that failed. And that we are starting to research the cause of this phenomenon which, it needs to be said, is not clear to us. I must say that all physicists, especially Viktor Alekseevich Sidorenko, felt that the conditions would only change for the worse, and insisted on the mandatory evacuation. Do you understand? It seemed to them that they already understood everything in the scientific arena. The exciting time when a young man begins practice. In the tapes,. Even before this commission was created, I had been charged with assessing this project. So the radioactive particles were filtered out by this layer. However, the technological support for this complex cycle is outdated. This caused serious jealousy among his colleagues. In this case, they had received the following signal: "1-2-3-4"; which means that an event had occurred at the station that involved nuclear hazard, radiation hazard, fire hazard and explosive hazard, that is to say, all possible types of hazard. And I remember that my Finnish overcoat, which my wife chose for me after much thought, and my English suit, Legasov: Simply hung up on trees. Please help us share these tapes with the world. [19] Upon returning from Chernobyl for the second time on 12 May, he was a changed man, suffering from severe grief and radiation sickness. However, it was already clear on the 26th that the reactor was destroyed. And there never was a caseand there were many such occasions [when soldiers were asked to help]where someone, as they say, remained in the ranks, and did not step forward to help us carry out various, sometimes very difficult, tasks. So the barrier was built in the ground in only one place; the most contaminated area, and that was all. But the number of such attempts was small, and they were quickly suppressed. I cannot leave unmentioned the huge role that Marshal Aganov played along with his engineering troops. Because the zone was still hot. I was in a car with comrade Plyusch. Secondly, SEV countries could not be consulted because they didnt have such a device. FInally the third group of specialists, which in the most thorough way had researched all the maps from Government Hydro Metric service, integrated all the activity from land-based and air services, comparing that to data that was received from abroad. They must be included. There are unsolved issues. That was the second line of defence- protection of the people. It is necessary to explain the following facts in this order. I thought that the reactor shaft was intact. This was simply an example of superior organisation and ignoring any danger, working very carefully and accurately. Because it was as follows. This is impossible. At the time when active work began on the decontamination and launch preparation of the 3rd block, at the same time work truly unfolded not on the planning but the construction of the city of Slavutych. All this was readied but never went into action. For example, Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina, as I remember, made such trips almost every month to monitor how the construction of Slavutych is progressing, how equipping is moving along, how facilities are being outfitted. And everything around is clean. People had started sensing that. [15][16] From 1978 to 1983, he was a professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. This phosphorous plant was something frightful, both from the perspective of the quality of technologic and the saturation with diagnostic devices. Then the second station, Beloyarsk nuclear station, where graphite was used as an inhibitor, but that it was already a fast-neutron reactor, and such research, and well, describe its working principle. These questions were discussed with the director. So, if something, having a low probability but still, suddenly happens, it will remain limited to the area of the reactor itself. He began to ask him about the reasons for the accident, but Evgeny Pavlovich started giving very confusing explanations, and then quickly said that Valery Alekseyevich [Legasov] will explain this better, and handed the phone over to me. This created an uncomfortable situation. It was considered bad because of economic reasons. And at the same time, England first and then the United States of America began to develop their energy sector, not as separate nuclear power plants but as a nuclear power industry. All this information was accumulated in my sub-group and had practical effect on what actions and effort should we assign to decontamination and disposal works. I liked him from the very beginning. There is thermonuclear and nuclear physics, isotope separation and usage, radiochemistry and whatever the hell else. Many supervisors that should have been on the staff were just absent. And within that 30-kilometre zone, the talk was mostly about Caesium contamination, because several Caesium spots had appeared (these will be shown on the maps) and the creation of Caesium maps began in the period from the date of the accident until the 20th of May, after which the creation of such maps was stopped. Evening road was. I remember that the future Minister of Medium Machine Building, comrade Ryabev, who had replaced Meshkov in the GC, himself led the group (after receiving the recipe for preparing the solutions that could solidify and create polymeric films on the surface). Valery Legasov. But the word maximally, in both cases, can never mean a 100 per cent reliability. I was shocked by the speed and scale at which all the needed materials were delivered to fulfill this operation. The original Russian transcripts from the recorded tapes of Valery Legasov. But there was a nagging sense of anxiety. But the logic behind these actions was this. There was military acceptance of each piece of equipment, specially trained personnel, the highest requirements, etc. [20][21] He had been involved in work on industrial safely with the GKNT (State Committee for Science and Technology), in which he had explored the risks involved in energy generation. There were a lot of inconsistencies between the part of the documentation that was at the station and the reality in various places of the station and underground facilities. And hidden truth of the radiochemical plants the highest requirements, etc issue of protecting the rivers these. 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